Master IXEO - parcours High Frequency Electronics & Photonics

Credits: 9
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (42h)
Tutorials (24h)
Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

• Linear analogue circuits, Resistive and reactive circuits- energy -dissipated power
• Transient and steady-state conditions
• Low pass – high pass –band pass filters – transfer functions –Bode diagram
• Voltage and current sources – Thevenin – Norton
• Bipolar and field effect transistors – small signal equivalent models
• Input-output impedances
• Voltage-current and power gains. Static and dynamic load lines

Objectives:

To provide students with an understanding of nonlinear electronics and design of active power circuits, oscillators and mixers at microwave frequencies.

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the basics of nonlinear modelling of microwave transistors
• Know the main figures of merit of transistor technologies
• Understand the nonlinear analysis applied to active microwave circuits
• Explain and discuss the main architectures for high-efficiency power amplifiers, oscillators and mixers
• Use the vector network analyser and suitable test benches for the characterisation of non-linear microwave components
• Knowledge of methodologies for the study of non-linear circuits and ADS software
• Design linear and nonlinear circuits of RF front end with suitable criteria for power, efficiency and linearity specifications.

Indicative contents:

• MMIC technologies for non-linear active circuits ( Si –GaAs –GaN –InP)
• Non-linear modelling techniques of microwave transistors
• Architectures of wideband resistive and distributed power amplifiers
• Architectures of high-frequency mixers
• Architectures of non-linear active circuits controlled by cold HEMTs
• Non-linear function analysis applied to controlled current source in transistors
• High-efficiency operating classes – Current-voltage waveforms and load-lines
• Architectures of high-efficiency narrow-band power amplifiers
• Architectures of high-frequency oscillators
• Non-linear distortions of modulated signals in power amplifiers.

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

• Albert Malvino, David Bates, Electronic principles – Mac Graw Hill ISBN  978-0-07-337388-1
• Pierre Muret, Fundamentals of electronics Electronic components and elementary functions – Wiley ISBN  978 -1-119-45340-6
• John J Shynk, Mathematical Foundations of linear circuits and systems in engineering  – Wiley ISBN  978-1-119-07347-S
• Steve Cripps, RF Power amplifiers for wireless communications –Artech House ISBN  0-89006-989-1
• Andrei Grebennikov, RF and microwave power amplifier design –Mac Graw Hill ISBN  0-07-144493-9
• P Colantonio, F Giannini, E Limiti , High efficiency RF and microwave solid state power amplifiers – Wiley ISBN  978-0-470-51300-2
• Stephen A Mass, Non linear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House ISBN  1-58053-484-8

Credits: 9
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (42h)
Tutorials (24h)
Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Propagation: Maxwell equations, wave equation, dispersion relation, TE and TM waves in metallic rectangular waveguide, TEM wave, telegrapher’s equations, coaxial waveguides
• Transmission lines: S parameters, Smith chart, passive components (L, C, R, LC) distributed and lumped elements, design methods for circuits, coupled lines theory
• Antennas: Basics of electromagnetic field theory, solutions for Maxwell equations, idealized electric dipole, characteristics of antennas (radiation patterns, gain, directivity, wire antennas…)
• Labs (24h): ADS Momentum HFSS software, low-pass filter at microwave frequencies, modeling of antennas

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 4
Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (17h)
Tutorials (6h)
Practicals (32h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

in progress

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 8
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (27h)
Tutorials (19h)
Practicals (34h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Guided wave propagation: Plane waveguides (propagation modes, power coupling, propagation constant Dispersion relation Field distribution Dispersion), optical fibres (Linearly polarized modes, Gaussian approximation for the fundamental mode, Propagation in presence of dispersion), power transfer (loss at joints, Overlap integrals, coupled mode theory, Parallel waveguides, Bragg grating, Tapers, adiabaticity criterion)
• Free space propagation: spatial frequency, signal processing – time vs space (spatial Fourier transform, spectrum, plane wave expansion, convolution, transfer function), transfer function (plane wave, transfer function), application to the Gaussian beam (spectrum, finite distance propagation, analytic field for a Gaussian beam, examples), Fourier optics (analogy between space and time signal processing, linear system with translation invariance, characterization, finite distance diffraction, application of Fourier optics)
• Labs (24h): Fusion-splicing machine and power budget, EDFA, numerical transmission, YAG laser, sub-ps laser, strioscopy – filtering of spatial frequencies

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Tutorials (30h)

Pre-requisites:

B1 level required.

Objectives:

To bring students towards the European B2/C1 level. The operational and evaluable objectives of this training are:

• Understand most situations that might be encountered at work or while traveling in a region where English is spoken for example
• Develop oral and written language skills
• International English communication

Learning outcomes:

Acquisition of English language skills (objective B2/C1). International, specialty and professional English (CV, cover letters, etc.)

Indicative contents:

• Written and oral comprehension/production work on authentic specialist or general English documents
• Interactive debates on general themes
• Language lab work (pronunciation, listening, repetition, etc.)
• Professional English (writing cover letters, CV, professional interview) academic (summary of documents, emails, sum-ups, etc.)
• Work on specialization and general English vocabulary.
• Presentation of a specialty presentation

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Credits: 3
Language:

French

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Tutorials (39h)

Pre-requisites:

None

Objectives:

Part 1 Communication : This module is designed to help students apply for internships. It equips them with methodological tools and enables them to understand the challenges and stages of recruitment. In addition, students reinforce their oral fluency through a number of exercises: a 180-second Elevator pitch; a critical analysis of a socio-technical controversy in its polemical and media dimensions, combined with a presentation of the players involved and the arguments associated with the different positions. The aim is to develop convincing and adaptable skills. Team-building exercises are designed to get students to work together and put them in a collective interview situation. – Pay attention to posture and body language – Express yourself with ease – Synthesize – Analyze documents and identify arguments – Present a project, justifying the choices made

Part 2 Management : This module aims to make students think about the issues facing a company, how the right strategy is determined, using methodological tools, and to identify interested parties and their performance management.

Learning outcomes:

• Develop your human and relational qualities
• Communicate in writing, orally, in several languages
• Work as a team, self-assess (strengths and weaknesses)
• Develop your abilities to enter professional life
• Demonstrate cultural openness, be curious, have a critical mind
• Work on your dynamism, be capable of commitment, leadership
• Know how to integrate business and societal issues in an international context
• Know and understand the business world
• Manage projects

Indicative contents:

Part 1 Communication : Job interview simulations (individual and collective) are offered as well as the creation of the key elements of a file, namely the CV, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, online applications, etc. A current review (scientific and technical news) is produced at each tutorial as well as a final presentation on a subject related to the professional world. This requires documentary research and preparation of the speech as well as the visual support used for the defense. Work on argumentation and the rhetorical aspects of speech is presented. Students approach a socio-technical controversy by identifying the various positions and issues at stake in the debate, particularly in its media dimension. They report on their documentary research and the choices they have made to address the controversy in an oral presentation.

Part 2 Management :

Chap 1. The company and its environment

• The company
• Analysis of its environment, its market
• The choice of a strategy thanks to a good diagnosis
• React to changes in the environment

Chap 2. The company and its strategic choices

• Notions – strategy, organizational policy, competitive advantage, the different levels of strategy
• The 3 strategies resulting from Porter methods
• Growth strategies * Innovation * Entrepreneurial and managerial logic
• The purpose of a company

Chap 3. Company performance.

• Company management and performance
• Identify stakeholders and their objectives
• Concept- governance, management, performance, decision-makers

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral, presentation

Suggested bibliography:

• Perez D., CV, lettre de motivation, entretien d’embauche, L’Étudiant, Ed. Paris, 2014, 416 pages.
• Engrand S., Projet professionnel gagnant ! Une méthode innovante pour cibler stages et premier emploi, Dunod, Ed. Paris, 2014, 180 pages.
• Davidenkoff E., Le guide des entreprises qui recrutent : hors-série 2015 : faire la différence en entretien, négocier son premier salaire, débuter à l’étranger, L’Étudiant, Ed. Paris, 2015
• Charline Licette, Savoir parler en public, Studyrama Pro, 2018
• Fabrice Carlier, Réussir ma première prise de parole en public, StudyramaPro, 2018
• Cyril Gely, Savoir improviser : l’art de s’exprimer sans préparation, Groupe Studyrama-Vocatis, 2010
• Lelli A., 2003, Les écrits professionnels : la méthode des 7C – Soyez correct, clair, concis, courtois, convivial, convaincant, compétent, Dunod, Ed. Paris, 2003, 168 pages.

Credits: 6
Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Pre-requisites:

None

Objectives:

Consolidation of the experience acquired during training within a research laboratory.

Indicative contents:

Depending on the topic of the laboratory work.

Learning outcomes:

• Integrate into and within a work team
• Show initiative
• Test your curiosity
• Structure your ideas and the stages of their implementation
• Demonstrate scientific rigor
• Learn to meet deadlines
• Know the safety rules in force within the structure

Methods of assessment:

Report, evaluation sheet (lab behavior), oral presentation

Suggested bibliography:

Depending on the topic of the laboratory work.

Credits: 3
Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site (internship)

Pre-requisites:

None

Objectives:

Discover the world of business or international research work.

Learning outcomes:

Compare the skills acquired during training with the demands of the socio-professional world.

Indicative contents:

At least two months spent within the company (or in an international research laboratory) as an intern.

Methods of assessment:

Report, evaluation sheet, oral presentation

Credits: 3 Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (9h) Practicals (21h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

This module addresses the relationships of the microstructure and properties of materials with their microwave properties, implementing advanced physico-chemical analyses and dedicated EM characterizations from microwaves to millimeter waves. Depending on their respective track (“Advanced of High Frequency Electronics and Photonics” or “High Frequency Electronics and Photonics”), Master Students will have to follow 3h of specific courses:

• For a master student following the “Advanced Ceramics” track, the bridging course content will correspond to introduce the EM propagation and EM properties of materials for microwave applications and Scattering parameters.
• For a master student following the “High Frequency Electronics and Photonics” track, the bridging course content will give a basic overview of the structural and microstructural descriptions of materials and their specificities for massive (3D), surface (2D) and homogeneous nucleation (1D) materials.

Learning outcomes:

• Apprehend the role of structure/microstructure, the correlations with physicochemical properties,
• Assimilate some material fabrication processes with optimized architectures,
• Learn some notions about the advanced materials properties
• Understand the electromagnetic properties and their interest in microwave applications
• Learn characterization methods on permittivity, permeability, electrical conductivity and other relevant properties for RF: thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, density: key parameters for RF devices
• Know the techniques for elaborating advanced materials and the methods to characterize them in a physico-chemical and microwave domains

Indicative contents:

9h of lectures + 20 h of Lab activities

• Synthesis of materials and controlled architectures for electronic applications (4h30)

A short overview of specific fabrication methods of metallic and oxide thin films for electronic applications will be given (industrial and research approach). Principal characterizations and analyses for morphological, structural, microstructural (AFM, XRD, SEM…) and physical (4 point-probe, Hall effect, …) properties will be described. Correlations between process, mechanisms of growth and properties will be discussed.

• EM Characterization, permittivity, permeability, electrical conductivity (4h30)

Understanding the need for knowledge of these parameters (CAD, measurements , …), the principles of characterization, a large overview of the characterization methods (and the commercial ones) and their area of validity (frequency, shape, specific properties …) and advantages and disadvantages. These courses will be supplied by practical activities aiming the fabrication and characterization of a (model) device.

• Fabrication Lab activities (10h):

Practical work including thin films deposition of metal and ceramics thin films (pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, spin coating, …), characterizations (crystalline structure, physical properties), introduction to photolithography techniques for the realization of a component with a microwave function.

• Microwave Lab activities (10h):

Practical work on material microwave characterization: resonant method and reflexion/transmission method around 20 GHz on a component developed during ceramic laboratory activities. The substrate used for ceramic elaboration will be initially characterized by other nondestructive method such as Split Cylinder Resonator (10 to 20 GHz) …

Methods of assessment:

Written test, practical exam

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6 Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (21h) Tutorials (15h) Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• MMIC technology for active circuits: Si, GaAs, GaN, InP technologies, electrical models for passive MMIC for CAD, example of an MMIC run, wafer cartography
• Linear specification for HF quadripoles in CAD: input and output impedances, S parameters, power gain in linear quadripoles, stability of linear quadripoles, adaptation, synthesis
• Introduction to non linear CAD
• Characterization and modeling of non linear active components: principles, toolbox, example of Schottky diode and HEMT transistor, HBT transistor, varactors
• Principle and method for electrothermic modeling
• Applications and examples of non linear MMIC circuits (reverse engineering): ultra wide band DC-40GHz receiver, distributed power amplifier
• Labs (24h): CMOS technological process, MOS transistor with N or P canal, design methodology for basic logical gates (INV, NAND, NOR), Cadence software

Methods of assessment:

Written test, practical exam

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (18h) Tutorials (8h) Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

Passive microwave components (power in rectangular waveguides, loss, S paraemters, resonators, metallic cavity, resonance frequencies, Q-factor, RLC model, in and out coupling) Antennas: links between antennas (Lorents reciprocity theorem, effective area, gain, Friis formula), networks (linear network, directivity, radiating aperture antennas (Huygues principle) Labs (24h) Implementation of a scalar network analysis bench, characterization of plane waves – Antennas, Characterization techniques for waveguides, Characterization of resonant cavity with network analyzer, Characterization of a multipole resonator, Characterization of printed antennas

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (20h) Tutorials (10h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Rare earth doped fibre amplifiers: Principles (mechanisms for light-matter interaction, rate equations, power equations for 3 level model, spectral behaviour, impact of the fibre geometry, fabrication of rare earth doped fibres), Erbium-doped fiber amplifier for telecoms (system parameters: gain, noise figure, limitations (e.g. excited state absorption), towards power amplification, Other rare earths (ytterbium, thulium, holmium, neodymium, high-power lasers at 1 and 2 μm, applications: welding, micromachining)
• Lasers: Principles (Laser gain for 3 and 4 energy levels systems, small signal gain (2-level model), gain saturation, laser oscillator: principle, loss, operating point, characteristics of laser emission: power conversion efficiency, longitudinal modes, transverse modes, laser resonators for single transverse mode operation: Gaussian beam, stability condition, regimes: continuous wave, Q-switched, mode-locked), Examples of all-solid lasers (bulk crystal lasers and fibre lasers) and their applications.

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 4

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (26h) Tutorials (14h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Introduction to nonlinear optics: Fundamentals of light-matter interaction (polarizability, susceptibility), Second order nonlinear optics (electro-optical effect, Pockels effect, phase and intensity modulation, frequency doubling, phase-matching condition), third-order nonlinear optics (Kerr effect, self-phase modulation, self-focusing, soliton)
• Study of nonlinear optical processes: Wave equation in nonlinear regime (nonlinear propagation equation, Maxwell’s equations with nonliner susceptibilities, slowly varying enveloppe approximation, simplified equations for wave mixing), frequency doubling (low conversion regime, frequency doubling and optical rectification, second harmonic power evolution without phase matching, coherence length, quasi phasematching condition, high conversion regime), three-wave mixing (wave-particle duality, coupled equations, Manley-Rowe equations, sum frequency generation, difference frequency generation, parametric amplification), frequency tripling, self-phase and cross-phase modulation, Four-wave mixing (phasematching condition, coupled equations with phase matching), nonlinear scatterings (spontaneous and stimulated scatterings, Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering, complex nonlinear susceptibility, simplified power equations)

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 3

Language:

French

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (9h) Tutorials (0h) Practicals (21h)

Pre-requisites:

Introduction to photonic materials in the form of films, powders or bulk materials

Objectives:

This module aims at exploring original materials and devices for light emission by focusing on both coherent and non-coherent sources. The minimum theoretical background on the optical properties of materials for light emission applications will be provided through general courses and tutorials, but the main aspects will be illustrated from the experimental point of view during practical sessions in laboratories. Students will get the opportunity to process and characterize several types of materials (optical fibers, crystals, thin films) and to build optical sources (lasers, light-emitting diodes) and assess their optoelectronic performance. The module is divided into 3 complementary parts, completed by occasional seminars or conference on specific topic of interest.

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

1. Bulk materials for active optics (JR. Duclère, R. Boulesteix) 3h Courses (CM): Preparation of labworks. Essential notions: Introduction to photonic materials in the form of films, powders or bulk materials (phosphors by sol-gel, laser amplifier media by single-crystal growth or ceramic processing, glasses and glass-ceramics for ONL, etc.). 2*4h of laboratory demonstration (TP):

• Characterization of non-linear optical properties of materials
• Characterization of luminescent transparent (poly)crystalline materials (light scattering, transmittance, absorbance, photoluminescence)

2. Fiber lasers (S. Février, R, Jamier) 1,5h Courses (CM): Introduction to fiber lasers: basic concepts and preparation of labworks. 11,5h of laboratory demonstration (TP):

• Fiber drawing, building of various fiber-based lights sources (incoherent ASE source and coherent source based on laser emission), characterization of laser sources, measurement of fluorescence lifetime.

3. “New generation of printable light emitting diodes” – J. Bouclé 3h Courses (CM): Introduction to halide perovskites and their optoelectronic properties, Application to light-emitting devices (device architecture and principle of operation) 3h of laboratory demonstration (TP):

• Emission quantum yield and exciton lifetime probed by PL and TRPL on a solution-processed semiconductor (includes deposition of thin films and full optical characterization by PL).
• Fabrication and characterization of a perovskite LED. Explanation given on device architecture, processing steps (in front of the equipment).
• Characterization of a pre-fabricated LED on instrumentation equipment.

4. Workshop / Seminar Seminar (invited): Seminar focused on a topic « materials for photonics ».

• Examples:
• Lasers in materials processing (sintering, welding, cutting, etc.).
• Magneto-optical and/or electro-optical materials
• Single-crystals growth and uses
• Quantum optics…

Methods of assessment:

Submission of a short report

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (18h)

Tutorials (8h)

Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

Passive microwave components (power in rectangular waveguides, loss, S paraemters, resonators, metallic cavity, resonance frequencies, Q-factor, RLC model, in and out coupling) Antennas: links between antennas (Lorents reciprocity theorem, effective area, gain, Friis formula), networks (linear network, directivity, radiating aperture antennas (Huygues principle) Labs (24h) Implementation of a scalar network analysis bench, characterization of plane waves – Antennas, Characterization techniques for waveguides, Characterization of resonant cavity with network analyzer, Characterization of a multipole resonator, Characterization of printed antennas

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (31h)

Practicals (9h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

in progress

Methods of assessment:

Written test, report

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (21h)

Tutorials (15h)

Practicals (24h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

MMIC technology for active circuits: Si, GaAs, GaN, InP technologies, electrical models for passive MMIC for CAD, example of an MMIC run, wafer cartography
Linear specification for HF quadripoles in CAD: input and output impedances, S parameters, power gain in linear quadripoles, stability of linear quadripoles, adaptation, synthesis
Introduction to non linear CAD
Characterization and modeling of non linear active components: principles, toolbox, example of Schottky diode and HEMT transistor, HBT transistor, varactors
Principle and method for electrothermic modeling
Applications and examples of non linear MMIC circuits (reverse engineering): ultra wide band DC-40GHz receiver, distributed power amplifier
Labs (24h): CMOS technological process, MOS transistor with N or P canal, design methodology for basic logical gates (INV, NAND, NOR), Cadence software

Methods of assessment:

Written test, practical exam

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (18h)

Tutorials (22h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Link budget, adaptive modulation, Quality of services, energy consumption constraint.

This course addresses the problem of optimizing the quality of service (QoS) required of a digital communication system when energy consumption is constrained. These are strategies related to adaptive modulations or the use of optical rather than electromagnetic communications … Quality of service can be define by transmission distance, bit error rate, bit rate and requires knowledge of the link budget.

• Emission-reception antennas for IoT, rectennas, sensors, harvesting and storage modules.

In this part, we define the constituent elements of an IOT …, all the elements “composing” their behaviour and in particular their consumption characteristics. We will also look at the physics of some components. The following chapters will be discussed: Sensors for IoT (temperature, gaz, light…), antennas for IoT, transmitters / receivers for IoT Materials and technologies for sensors, antennas, transceivers for IoT, harvesting and storage module. Materials and processes for each device will be described.

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 6
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (31h)

Practicals (39h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

• Elements of solid-state physics: direct and reciprocal lattices, energy band structure, intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors
• Study of dielectrics: permittivity and absorption
• Charge transport in heterojunctions: example of Schottky diode
• PN function: thermodynamic equilibrium, out of equilibrium (direct and inverse currents)
• Metal-oxide semiconductor: equilibrium (band bending), out of equilibrium, I-V characteristics
• Technologies for fabrication of integrated circuits on Si (epitaxy, doping, oxidation, plasma vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition processes, lithophotography, etching, realisation of passive integrated elements (R, L, C) and active integrated components (junction, BJT, NMOS, PMOS, HBT SiGe), Cadence software Passive RF elements for microelectronics (resistors, integrated capacitors and spiral inductors, equivalent circuits, Q factor, transmission lines on conductor substrates)
• Labs (12h) MOS technology with TCAD Silvaco, photoreceiver with TCAD Silvaco, fabrication and characterization of spiral inductors.

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Tutorials (30h)

Pre-requisites:

B1 level required.

Objectives:

To bring students towards the European B2/C1 level. The operational and evaluable objectives of this training are:

• Understand most situations that might be encountered at work or while traveling in a region where English is spoken for example
• Develop oral and written language skills
• International English communication

Learning outcomes:

Acquisition of English language skills (objective B2/C1). International, specialty and professional English (CV, cover letters, etc.)

Indicative contents:

• Written and oral comprehension/production work on authentic specialist or general English documents
• Interactive debates on general themes
• Language lab work (pronunciation, listening, repetition, etc.)
• Professional English (writing cover letters, CV, professional interview) academic (summary of documents, emails, sum-ups, etc.)
• Work on specialization and general English vocabulary.
• Presentation of a specialty presentation

Methods of assessment:

Written test, oral

Credits: 6 Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site/Hybrid

Methods of delivery:

Scientific project (one day/week)

Pre-requisites:

None

Objectives:

Carry a scientific or entrepreunarial project. 3 options:

• continue their “research” project carried out in M1 within the framework of the Cordées de la recherche
• carry out their project within the framework of the “Ateliers de l’innovation” offered by the IAE Limoges
• carry out their project in conjunction with a company, a CRT, a LabCom, etc.

Methods of assessment:

Project

Credits: 3

Credits:3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30h)

Pre-requisites:

• Maxwell’s equations, planes waves.
• Equations of propagation
• Resolution of linear systems
• Antennas Parameters (Radiation and electrical characteristics, S parameters, Transmission Equation)
• Antenna array analysis
• Wire antennas, patch antennas, radiating apertures

Objectives:

• EMC : Introduction to the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – How to solve EMC problems using analytic approaches based on physical phenomena or using numerical tools.
• Antennas : Overview of antennas and array architectures for terrestrial and space communications and radar detection. Study of pattern synthesis techniques and tools. Antenna array and associated circuit design guidelines for beamforming. Analysis of the properties and design rules of radiating apertures and reflector antennas

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the different ways of parasitic electromagnetic coupling
• Evaluate the perturbation level in simple cases at the electronic systems level
• Design an antenna array according to a given pattern specification
• Design and to analyze the performances of most common radiating apertures and reflector antennas

Indicative contents:

EM compatibility

• Typical examples of EMC problem
• Introduction to diffraction problems, resolution using numerical tools
• Principle of an analytical approach based on circuit representation of physical phenomena
• Sources of electromagnetic interferences
• Coupling phenomena, particular case of transmission lines,
• Electromagnetic shielding and nonlinear protections

Antennas

• Introduction on analog and digital beamforming architectures
• Linear and Planar Array Factor Synthesis (Fourier, Chebyshev, Numerical synthesis).
• Array beamforming networks
• Radiating apertures (horn antennas, slotted waveguide)
• Reflector antennas: properties and design.

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

• “Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines” Clayton R. Paul, IEEE Press, Wiley-Interscience A. John Wiley & sons, Inc, Publication. ISBN 978-0-470-13154-1
• “La Compatibilité Électromagnétique des systèmes complexes » Olivier Maurice – Hermes-Lavoisier.
• Randy L. Haupt – Antenna Arrays_ A Computational Approach (2010, Wiley-IEEE Press)
• Constantine A. Balanis, ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, THIRD EDITION, A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION.
• Mailloux, Robert J, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, Third Edition,Artech House, 2017

Credits: 3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30h)

Pre-requisites:

• Basics of nonlinear modelling of microwave transistors,
• Basics of linear/nonlinear active microwave circuits,
• Architectures of power amplifiers,
• High-frequency measurements of linear/nonlinear components,
• Basics of ADS software applied to linear circuits,
• Basics of design methods for linear/nonlinear circuits of RF front ends,
• Basics of sampling theory,
• Basics of nonlinear modelling Volterra Series.

Objectives:

To provide students with an advanced insight into signal processing and adaptive linear/nonlinear microwave circuits to face high-frequency front-end requirements.

Learning outcomes:

• Deep insight into the nonlinear modelling of thermal and trapping effects in microwave transistors to assess their impact on modulated signals
• Advanced understanding of adaptive power amplifiers in high-frequency front-end illustrated by payload and radar applications
• Design methods of Doherty, switching-mode and envelope tracking HPAs
• Advanced understanding of band-pass sampling in a receiver for the satellite ground-based station
• Advanced understanding of limitations of Software Defined Radio (quantification noise, phase jitter, non-linear effects, SFDR, THD).

Indicative contents:

Nonlinear circuits

• Specific nonlinear modelling methods of GaN HEMTs,
• nonlinear modelling of thermal and trapping effects,
• EVM/ACPR/NPR linearity criteria of HF modulated signals,
• principles of linearization techniques,
• system trade-offs between efficiency and linearity in payload satellites and radar systems,
• statistics of complex modulated signals with variable envelope,
• adaptive control of high power amplifiers, switching-mode power amplifiiers (F, inverse F, VMCD, CMCD),
• Doherty technique,
• EER Envelope Elimination and Restoration,
• Discrete and continuous envelope tracking systems,
• calculation of boost and buck DC-DC converters,
• Envelope detector,
• PWM modulation,
• LINC and CHIREIX techniques

Low noise amplifier design

• Noise analysis for linear RF circuits (sources of noise in electronic circuits, noise power vs signal power, noise figure and equivalent noise temperature, noise figure for passive quadripole, Friss formula, noise parameters for linear quadripole, modelling noise in linear quadripole, characterization techniques, noise figure measurement),
• Design and synthesis of low noise amplifier (specifications and modelling process).
• Digital processing systems

Digital modulation formats,

• Signal processing (IQ formalism, complex envelope, IQ modulation and demodulation, example of M-QAM modulation format, mathematical description of sampling, Nyquist-Shannon theorem),
• Particular case of wireless systems (multiplexing techniques (FD/TDMA),
• TDD and FDD duplexing with Downlink and Uplink, constraints on RF receivers),
• Receivers architectures, pros and cons (heterodyne vs homodyne, digital IF receiver, receiver with bandpass sampling, receiver with discrete sampling, limitation of analog-digital conversion, THD, SFDR, phase jitter).

Particular case of Track Hold Amplifier (THA) RF sampler

• Architecture of THA and non-linear phenomenological model of THA,
• Limitation of THA (bandwidth, SFDR, THD),
• Example of THA 1321 Inphi datasheet and its use for band-pass sampling with DDC (Digital Down Converter) processing for complex envelope extraction

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

• Steve Cripps, RF Power amplifiers for wireless communications –Artech House, ISBN  0-89006-989-1.
• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House ISBN  1-58053-484-8.
• Jonathan C. Jensen, Ultra-high-speed data converter building blocks in Si/SiGe HBT process, PhD thesis, 2005, University of California San Diego.
• Richard Chi His Li, RF Circuit Design Wiley Online Library Second Edition, ISBN 20120928.

Credits: 3

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30h)

Pre-requisites:

• Electromagnetic theory and basic microwave components
• Measurement microwave technics

Objectives:

To provide students with an understanding of passive components for spatial and IoT telecommunications.

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the electromagnetic and electric theory basis for microwave component design.
• Know the methodologies for the advanced synthesis of microwave passive components and the potential of tunability of these components.
• Design tunable components (MEMS switch, Phase Change Material, varactors …)  for active and passive planar circuits.

Indicative contents:

Propagation :

• Industrial and R&D context for passive microwave circuits,
• Propagation in cylindrical metallic waveguide,
• EM analysis and modelling of heterogeneous microwave resonators,
• Theory of coupling between microwave resonators.
• Microwave filter synthesis,
• EM CAD for microwave sub-systems (components, packaging),
• Current research activities on passive microwave components including their integration.

Integrated Passives for RFICs and MMWICs :

• Industrial and R&D context for RFICs, Low Power RF electronics,
• Parameters and characteristics for passive circuits and matching networks on CMOS RFICs,
• Integrated L-C networks,
• Design of layout-efficient matching networks in Silicon ICs,
• Coupling EM simulations to circuit simulations,
• Tunable capacitors for adaptative front ends components,
• Emerging IC integrated technologies: RF MEMS, PCM switches,
• Application example

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

• D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2012.
• Peter Rizzi,  Microwave Engineering: Passive Circuits, PHI Learning, 1987.
• R. J. Cameron, C. M. Kudsia, R.R. Mansour, Microwave Filters for Communications Systems, Fundamentals, Design and Applications, Wiley, 2018.

Credits: 1.5

Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (15h)

Pre-requisites:

in progress

Objectives:

in progress

Learning outcomes:

in progress

Indicative contents:

Printed electronics: main applications, physical (electronic and optical) characteristics and parameters of organic materials, deposition processes, application to organic photovoltaics, application to photo-detection, physical (electronic and optical) characteristics of nanostructured materials (quantum wells), focus on hybrid perovskites, application to light emitting diodes, application to lasers, application to visible light communications

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

in progress

Credits: 4.5
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Tutorials (45h)

Pre-requisites :

• Microwave systems, S-parameters, active and passive microwave devices,
• Analog and digital modulations,
• Low-noise and nonlinear microwave circuits,
• Electromagnetic laws and antenna design,

Objectives :

• Provide essential understanding of high-frequency circuit, electromagnetic and optical simulations through intensive practical works using specific CAD tools,
• Acquire the efficient use of up-to-date engineering CAD tools which are of prime importance for industrial and research activities.

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Setup the suited CAD approach of the main scientific simulation issues involved in the analysis and design of passive and active RF and microwave systems
• Develop its own expertise and use of up to date CAD tools whatever the scientific domain in RF, high-frequency and optical applications,
• Be aware of the main issues of simulation and its required comparison with measurement tools and methods

Indicative contents :

• Circuit simulations of high-frequency low-noise and nonlinear high-frequency electronic circuits (CAD tool: ADS)
• Design flow of silicon-based RF integrated circuits (CAD tool: Cadence)
• Circuit and system simulations of power amplifiers with modulated signals (CAD tool: ADS)
• Electromagnetic simulations for antenna design (CAD tool: CST)
• Electromagnetic simulations for passive microwave circuits (CAD tool: HFSS)

Methods of Assessment :

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared topic

Suggested bibliography :

• Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2
• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978158053-611-0
• John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-8

Credits: 3 Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (9h) Practicals (21h)

Pre-requisites:

• Basic notions of 3D drawing
• Basic notions on mechanical manufacturing
• Basics basic notions of microwave components (from TU MPC)
• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (e.g. …)

Objectives:

To teach students a basic understanding of the production processes based on additive manufacturing technologies (metal, ceramic and plastic) and on heterogeneous integration of RF sub-systems using such 3D printing technologies.

Learning outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this module, a student will be able to :

• Understand the design rules related to each additive manufacturing technology
• Understand the industrial issues related to the technology
• Establish the positioning (advantages and disadvantages) of additive manufacturing compared to other manufacturing technologies
• Establish the current and future RF components and subsystems in industrial production.

Indicative contents:

Part I: Basics on microwave domain (Lectures: 3h)

• Microwave domain and additive manufacturing in RF front-end
• Theory of transmission line
• S-parameters
• Waveguide and 3D resonators
• Microwave filtering

Part II: Basics on additive manufacturing (Lectures: 3h)

• Additive processes review
• Digital chain for additive manufacturing
• 3D printing hybridation for ceramic metal part dedicated to micro-electronic

Part III: Additive manufacturing on RF components (Lectures: 3h)

• Different benefit from different materials: polymers, metals, ceramics Applications: antennas, filters, signal routing, metasurfaces and metamaterials etc…
• Different technologies: 3D printing and conformal printing for microwave devices
• Advanced materials: low-loss polymers, temperature stable metals and ceramics etc…
• Future trends: 4D printing, submicron printing

Methods of assessment:

Written test, report or poster presentation

Suggested bibliography:

• Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, M. Khorasani, “Additive Manufacturing Technologies”, 3rd Edition, Spinger, 2021
• Claude Barlier et Alain Bernard, “Fabrication Additive”, Collection Technique et ingénierie, Edition Dunod, novembre 2020

Credits : 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Tutorials (30h)

Pre-requisites :

• Basics of CAD tools applied to RF, microwave and optical devices and systems.
• Microwave systems, S-parameters, active and passive microwave devices,
• Analog and digital modulations,
• Low-noise and nonlinear microwave circuits,
• Electromagnetic laws and antenna design,
• Optical system

Objectives :

• Provide in depth understanding of high-frequency circuit, electromagnetic and optical simulations through intensive practical works on dedicated CAD tools,
• Enhance the use of CAD tools which are extended to modulated and complex RF, microwave and optical systems.
• Acquire the use of up-to-date engineering CAD tools focused on research and development activities.

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Face the main scientific simulation issues involved in the complex analysis and design of passive and active RF, microwave and optical systems
• Develop its own expertise and use of up to date CAD tools focused on research and development activities
• Be aware of the main issues of simulation and its required comparison with measurement tools and methods

Indicative contents :

• Nonlinear high-frequency simulation of power amplifiers (CAD tool: ADS)
• Nonlinear simulation of electro-optical amplitude modulation (CAD tool: ADS)
• Noise simulation and design of receiver circuits (CAD tool: ADS)
• Circuit simulation of silicon-based RF integrated circuits (CAD tool: Cadence)
• DRC (Design Rule Check) and LVS (Layout Versus Schematic) of RF ICs (CAD tool: Cadence)
• Circuit and system simulations of power amplifiers with modulated signals (CAD tool: ADS)
• Electromagnetic simulations for antenna design (CAD tool: CST)
• Electromagnetic simulations for passive microwave circuits (CAD tool: HFSS)
• Simulation of Pulse Optics and propagation (CAD tools: Matlab/Fiberdesk)

Methods of Assessment :

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared topic

Suggested bibliography :

• Alan Hastings – The Art of Analog Layout – Prentice Hall – ISBN:978-013087-061-2
• Jose C. Pedro, David E. Root, Jianjun Xu and Luis C. Nunes – The Cambridge RF and Microwave Engineering Series – ISBN:978-1-107-14059-2
• Stephen A Mass, Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits – Artech House – ISBN:978-158053-611-0
• John Rogers and Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design – Artech House – ISBN:978-1-60783-979-

Credits : 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site/Hybrid

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Practicals (15h)

Pre-requisites:

• General knowledge on Information and Communications technologies (ICT)
• Basics on electronic devices and systems
• Basics on semiconducting materials and devices
• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering

Objectives :

To provide students with a basic understanding in the field of Energy Harvesting specifically applied to sustainable Internet of Things (IoT). The module aims at developing a general knowledge on various energy harvesting technologies that can be deployed to power autonomous sensors and/or objects in the field of IoT and industrial IoT. The module also aims at proposing a concrete approach to student for the design of simple energy harvesting systems (RF rectenna) through their simulation and modelling. Some general knowledge on ultra-low power electronics and energy management systems will also be targeted.

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the context and challenges in the field of energy harvesting applied to IoT
• Understand the main principles of operation of various energy conversion devices exploiting indoor light, thermal gradients, mechanical motions/vibrations, or ambient RF energy.
• Understand the challenges associated with ultra-low power electronics and energy management in IoT systems
• Establish a preliminary energy assessment of IoT systems in order to select the most suitable energy harvesting technology.
• Perform a preliminary design of RF-rectenna towards ambient energy harvesting using dedicated tools for their simulation

Indicative contents :

• Part 1 (conference, to be confirmed): A general overview of energy harvesting systems integrated to IoT devices.
• Part 2: Indoor photovoltaics for IoT
• Part 3: Thermal energy harvesting for IoT
• Part 4: Operation, design and simulation of rectenna towards RF-energy harvesting (including practical works)

Methods of Assessment :

Written test, reports, oral restitution

Suggested bibliography :

• M. Alhawari et al, “Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices”, Springer 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-62577-5
• Y. K. Tan, “Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems”, CRC Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-351- 83256-4

Credits: 4.5
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (33h)

Practical works (12h)

Pre-requisites:

Principles of laser emission in condensed matter and construction of laser resonators. Understanding linear propagation in free space (diffraction, propagation through lenses) and in optical fibers (including role of chromatic dispersion in pulsed regime). Non-linear interactions in optical media, including waveguides.

Objectives:

• To analyze the space-time correspondence through the formalism governing coherent optical field propagation focusing on the mapping between beam propagation in free space and short pulses in optical fibers.
• To learn how to detect light and how to characterize coherent sources in space and time.
• To learn how to tailor the relevant parameters of coherent light sources.
• To learn how the interplay between linear and non-linear effects in optical waveguides affects light propagation.

Learning outcomes:

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to characterize the spatial and temporal features of a coherent laser source. He/she will master methods for beam and pulse shaping using linear and nonlinear propagation in optical fibers or spatial light modulators, adapted to targeted applications.

Indicative contents:

Lectures (30h)

Control and engineering of coherent light:implementation of spatial light modulators and advanced techniques for tailoring the spatial and temporal profiles of optical beams and pulses.

Spatio-temporal propagation, characterization and control of coherent light, with Prof. A. Desfarges-Berthelemot (15h)

Propagation and detection in optical frequency range: spatio-temporal field modelling and propagation, second-order propagation effects (diffraction and dispersion), space and time lenses, space-time analogy transfer rules.
Spatial characterization of coherent beams: M2 parameter, spatial phase measurement by use of a reference (interferometry) and without reference (Shack – Hartmann method), spectral phase measurement by interferometry (analogy with space domain)
Control and engineering of coherent light: implementation of spatial light modulators and advanced techniques for tailoring the spatial and temporal profiles of optical beams and pulses.

Detection in optics, with Prof. Sébastien Février (3h)

We describe basic optical detectors based on semi-conductors.

Ultrafast guided photonics, with Prof. Sébastien Février (15h)

Starting from mode-locked lasers (principles and operation regimes), we describe the propagation of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear dispersive waveguides and fibres. We model the nonlinear coupling between ultrashort light pulses and matter and show how the coupling strength depends on the pulse parameters as well as the modal parameters of the waveguide. Particular emphasis is put on the propagation regimes leading to the generation of solitonic pulses. Finally, we show some application examples in nonlinear photonics-based imaging and spectroscopy.

Practical works, with Dr. Vincent Kermene (12h)

• M² parameter measurements of laser beams from optical fibers
• Spatial and spectral phase measurements by interferometry
• How to use a crystal-liquid-based modulator: amplitude and phase beam shaping

Methods of assessment:

2 written tests about lectures (weight 0.4 each)

1 report about practical works (weight 0.2)

Suggested bibliography:

Fundamentals of optics and photonics

• Eugene Hecht, Optics, fifth edition, Pearson (2016), ISBN 1292096934, 9781292096933, 728 pages
• Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley (1991), Print ISBN:9780471839651 |Online ISBN:9780471213741 |DOI:10.1002/0471213748

Fiber optics

• A. Ghatak, K. Thyagarajan, An Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge University Press (1998), 565 pages
• G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 6th Edition, Academic Press (2019), 728 pages

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery:

Lectures (15h)

Practical works (15h)

Pre-requisites:

Propagation in optical fibers. Electromagnetic theory of propagation: theoretical determination of guided modes in step-index optical fibers with cylindrical symmetry. Main linear properties of step-index fibers. Knowledge on nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. Principles of laser emission in condensed matter. Knowledge of photonics computer aided design tools such as COMSOL Multiphysics.

Objectives:

• To know the main families of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and their key applications.
• To understand the guiding principles in photonic crystal fibers (modified total internal reflection, photonic bandgap, anti-resonance), and their main propagation properties.
• To be familiar with speciality optical fiber families, their manufacturing methods, and their specific applications.
• To understand the main fabrication steps of photonic crystal fibers.
• To know various functionalization processes for optical fibers and the resulting properties for specific applications.
• To be aware of existing solutions and understand the challenges faced in industrial settings

Learning outcome:

Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to describe the various families of specialty optical fibers and understand their operating principles. He/she will be able to identify the advantages and limitations of each type of fiber for specific applications. He/she will be able to apply this knowledge to the design of complex photonic systems (laser, sensors, communication…).

Indicative contents:

Lectures (15h)

Fundamentals of propagation in specialty optical fibers, with Prof. Raphaël Jamier (12h30)

Starting from conventional step-index fibers, we understand the evolution of the fiber design for laser applications (double-clad fibers, large mode area fibers) and the bend-loss-induced mode-filtering is highlighted. Also, some fiber-based components (such as pump/signal combiners and cladding-pump stripper) are discussed. We describe the new paradigm offered by the air-silica microstructured fibers, by understanding the main properties offered by this fiber family. We show how the heterogeneous cladding structure enables special properties such as endlessly singlemode operation, tailored modal confinement loss, chromatic dispersion management. Special fiber architectures dedicated to high-power fiber lasers are detailed. We discuss the concept of 1D and 2D photonic bandgaps in optical fibers. Finally, we show the application fields of unconventional fibers: high-power lasers, supercontinuum sources, sensors…

Close-up on hollow-core PCF, with Dr. Frédéric Gérôme (2h30)

We present a historical account of hollow-core PCF (HCPCF), from their early development to their applications. We also organize a lab tour to show the potential of HCPCF for nonlinear gas-laser interaction. The technology transfer will be also discussed in relation with the start-up Glophotonics (visit of the start-up).

Practical works, with Dr. Georges Humbert and Dr. Philippe Roy (15h)

The 15h pratical work is devoted to the fabrication of a photonic crystal fiber using facilities of the XLIM lab (drawing towers). Every fabrication step is performed, from the design of the stack using off-the-shelf rods and tubes, to the drawing of the capillaries, the stack and preform assembly, the drawing of the canes, and the drawing of the final fiber. The fiber end facets are characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

Methods of assessment:

1 written test about lectures (weight 0.5)

1 report about practical works (weight 0.5)

Suggested bibliography:

• « Photonic Crystals: Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices », Springer, ISBN 978-3-540-27701-9 (2005)
• « Foundations of photonic crystal fibres », Argyros and collaborators, Imperial College Press, ISBN : 978-1848167285 (2012)
• « Photonic crystal fibers : properties and applications » F. Poli and collaborators, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-6325-1 (2007)
• “Advanced fiber optics: concepts and technology”, EPFL Press, ISBN: 2940222436 / 9782940222438, 2011
• “Handbook of Optical Fibers”, Springer Singapore, 2019 ISBN 9811070857, 9789811070853, 2019

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (9h)

Conference (1h30)

Practical works (20h)

Pre-requisites:

Principles of laser emission in condensed matter. Linear propagation in optical fibers (including role of chromatic dispersion in pulsed regime). Basics of non-linear interactions in optical media, including waveguides. Linear and nonlinear susceptibilities c(i=1,2,3). Basics of nonlinear optics: Pockels and Kerr effects, 2nd and 3rd optical harmonic generation, three and four wave mixing, Brillouin and Raman scatterings

Objectives:

• To learn nonlinear signal processing methods and associated materials enabling ultrafast pulse time measurement.
• To learn the main techniques for ultrashort pulse complete characterization (time and frequency amplitude and phase distributions).
• To use nonlinear optics (particularly second harmonic generation) as a non-invasive tool to address one specific physical phenomenon (the phase transition) in materials science

Learning outcome:

Upon completion of the course, the student will understand:

• the working principles of the more usual time measurement devices.
• the reasons for the choice of a given measurement device considering the characteristics of a particular pulse.
• the circumstances leading to the manifestation of nonlinear optical effects
• the importance of the crystalline symmetry in 2nd order nonlinear optics
• the physical concepts of phase and quasi-phase matching
• how to use 2nd order nonlinear optics as an indirect structural tool to evidence phase transitions in materials science
• optical pulse propagation and frequency conversion processes in 3rd order nonlinear media via a combination of simulation and experimental study approaches. He/she will also apprehend some concrete applications deriving specifically from diverse nonlinear optical effects.

Indicative contents:

Lectures on “Introduction to ultrafast optics, from the picosecond to the attosecond domain” by Prof. Frédéric Louradour (9h)

Time and frequency pulse complete (amplitude and phase) representations. Method for the choice of the proper characterization method(s). Cases for which optoelectronics can be used (ultrafast photodiode and streak camera). Cases for which nonlinear optics signal processing is mandatory. Basics of nonlinear phenomena and associated materials for signal processing. All optical sampling through cross-correlation with a reference pulse. Reference-less techniques. Autocorrelation including interferometric autocorrelation. Sonographic measurement. Frequency resolved optical gating (FROG device). Spectral interferometry applied to pulse measurement. SPIDER and SIPRIT methods.

Conference on “Smart Nonlinear Photonics” by Dr. Benjamin Wetzel (1h30)

From ultrafast optical pulse processing to the control of nonlinear fiber propagation dynamics. We discuss various phenomena associated with spectral broadening during nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in guided optics. Specifically, we focus on the ways of tailoring fs-ps pulses and controlling their subsequent propagation dynamics. We detail advanced optical characterization techniques allowing for the monitoring of broadband and incoherent optical signals. We further review practical means of optimizing the ouptut signal properties via AI-based tools, and finally discuss particular applications in e.g. imaging and metrology.

Practical works (20h)

A) Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) on powder samples, with Prof. Jean-René Duclère (5h)

We show that SHG can be exploited as a sign of a phase transition in BaTiO3 (ferroelectric / paraelectric transition) induced by a variation in temperature. We conduct temperature dependent measurements and show the importance of the crystalline symmetry.

B) 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear optics in ultrashort pulse regime, with Prof. Frédéric Louradour (5h)

We propose several basic experiments to observe 2nd and 3rd order nonlinear optics in femtosecond and picosecond regimes. i) Optical sum frequency generation (SFG) within a second order (c(2)) crystals (e.g. BBO) using an infrared femtosecond oscillator: laser characterization, SFG setup adjustment, polarizations of involved signals vs crystal orientation, SFG signal measurement (ISFGµILaser2), crystals of various thicknesses, application to pulse characterization using a second order home-made autocorrelator; practical study of an interferometric autocorrelator using two-photon absorption inside a photodiode ; practical study of a frequency resolved optical gating device (FROG device) ; practical study of a spectral phase reference-less measurement device (SPIRIT device). ii) Stimulated Raman scattering within a silica optical fiber using a green picosecond microchip laser: laser characterization, fiber injection, multiple Raman cascading observation using a visible spectrometer, SiO2 Raman Stokes-shift measurement.

C) Soliton generation and propagation in nonlinear optical fibers, with Prof. Sébastien Février (5h)

We study third-order nonlinear effects in the anomalous dispersion regime of silica optical fibers. Starting from in-house built amplified mode-locked laser delivering picosecond pulses with kilowatt peak power, we observe self-phase modulation, multisolitonic compression and fission, followed by soliton self-frequency shift induced by the intrapulse stimulated Raman scattering. Frequency-doubling of the Raman frequency-shifted soliton is proposed as a mean to produce widely tunable ultrashort pulses for nonlinear microscopy in neurosciences.

D) Supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers, with Prof. Philippe Leproux (5h)

We investigate the prominent nonlinear phenomena leading to supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers in the long-pulse regime (using sub-nanosecond pump pulses). According to the dispersion regime at the pump wavelength, we observe the spectral signature of modulation instability, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering and solitonic effects in the visible and infrared ranges. We finally address the power conversion efficiency of these processes to assess the potential of supercontinuum sources for various applications.

Method of assessment:

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions).

Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33.

Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

List of topics:

• Nonlinear propagation in optical fibers
• Nonlinear optical techniques for ultrashort pulse characterization
• Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers
• Soliton formation
• Nonlinear optical imaging techniques
• Applications of supercontinuum sources

Suggested bibliography:

Fundamentals of optics and photonics

• Eugene Hecht, Optics, fifth edition, Pearson (2016), ISBN 1292096934, 9781292096933, 728 pages
• Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley (1991), Print ISBN:9780471839651 |Online ISBN:9780471213741 |DOI:10.1002/0471213748

Nonlinear fiber optics

• G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 6th Edition, Academic Press (2019), 728 pages

Credits: 4.5
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Tutorials (45h)

Pre-requisites:

Electromagnetic theory of propagation in waveguides, waveguide modes, chromatic dispersion, third-order optical nonlinearity, nonlinear Schrödinger equation, principles of laser emission in condensed matter.

Objectives:

• To provide essential understanding of photonics simulation tools
• To illustrate lessons and make them easier to understand via numerical simulations
• To model and design complicated fiber structures (e.g. hollow-core fibers)
• To model nonlinear pulse propagation in waveguides
• To model laser amplification in rare-earth doped fiber

Learning outcomes:

By the end of this series of practical sessions on photonics modeling, students will have acquired a comprehensive set of skills and knowledge that are essential for both academic research and industry applications. These include:

• Fundamental understanding: Students will gain a deep understanding of the principles of optical fiber design, including the physics of guided propagation, the structure of optical fibers, and the various types of fibers used in different applications.
• Simulation Tools: Hands-on experience with industry-standard simulation software will be a key component. Students will learn to use tools such as MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics, to create and analyze waveguide and fiber models and to study pulse propagation.

Indicative contents:

• Full-vectorial modal analysis of fibers and waveguides using COMSOL Multiphysics
• Simulation of pulse propagation by solving of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) using MATLAB
• Simulation of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers by solving the laser rate equations using MATLAB

Methods of assessment:

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions). Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33. Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

• Modal analysis of hollow-core fibers
• Modal analysis of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers
• Study of Raman soliton dynamics by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB
• Study of all-fiber pulse compression schemes by solving the GNLSE in MATLAB
• Study of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers
• Study of beam propagation by the ABCD matrix method
• Study of beam propagation by the Fourier-transform beam propagation method

Suggested bibliography:

• S. Février, B. Beaudou, and P. Viale, “Understanding origin of loss in large pitch hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and their design simplification,” Opt. Express 18, 5142 (2010)
• F. Poletti, “Nested antiresonant nodeless hollow core fiber,” Opt. Express 22, 23807 (2014)
• K. Suzuki, H. Kubota, S. Kawanishi, M. Tanaka, and M. Fujita, “Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 9, 676 (2001)
• J. M. Dudley, G. Genty, and S. Coen, « Supercontinuum generation is photonic crystal fiber, » Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1135 DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1135
• J. M. Dudley, C. Finot, G. Genty, and R. Taylor, “Fifty years of fiber solitons,” Optics and Photonics News 34 26 (2023)

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30h)

Pre-requisites:

• Maxwell’s equations, planes waves.
• Equations of propagation
• Resolution of linear systems
• Antennas Parameters (Radiation and electrical characteristics, S parameters, Transmission Equation)
• Antenna array analysis
• Wire antennas, patch antennas, radiating apertures

Objectives:

• EMC : Introduction to the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – How to solve EMC problems using analytic approaches based on physical phenomena or using numerical tools.
• Antennas : Overview of antennas and array architectures for terrestrial and space communications and radar detection. Study of pattern synthesis techniques and tools. Antenna array and associated circuit design guidelines for beamforming. Analysis of the properties and design rules of radiating apertures and reflector antennas

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the different ways of parasitic electromagnetic coupling
• Evaluate the perturbation level in simple cases at the electronic systems level
• Design an antenna array according to a given pattern specification
• Design and to analyze the performances of most common radiating apertures and reflector antennas

Indicative contents:

EM compatibility

• Typical examples of EMC problem
• Introduction to diffraction problems, resolution using numerical tools
• Principle of an analytical approach based on circuit representation of physical phenomena
• Sources of electromagnetic interferences
• Coupling phenomena, particular case of transmission lines,
• Electromagnetic shielding and nonlinear protections

Antennas

• Introduction on analog and digital beamforming architectures
• Linear and Planar Array Factor Synthesis (Fourier, Chebyshev, Numerical synthesis).
• Array beamforming networks
• Radiating apertures (horn antennas, slotted waveguide)
• Reflector antennas: properties and design.

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

• “Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines” Clayton R. Paul, IEEE Press, Wiley-Interscience A. John Wiley & sons, Inc, Publication. ISBN 978-0-470-13154-1
• “La Compatibilité Électromagnétique des systèmes complexes » Olivier Maurice – Hermes-Lavoisier.
• Randy L. Haupt – Antenna Arrays_ A Computational Approach (2010, Wiley-IEEE Press)
• Constantine A. Balanis, ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, THIRD EDITION, A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION.
• Mailloux, Robert J, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, Third Edition,Artech House, 2017

Credits : 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (18,5h)

Practicals (10h)

Tutorials (1,5h)

Pre-requisites :

• Basics notions of Electromagnetism
• Basics on Lasers and interaction between laser and materials
• Basics principles of Optical Fibers
• Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (e.g. Electromagnetic waves)

Objectives :

To provide students with basic notions and understanding of biomaterials, bioimaging and bioelectromagnetism.

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to :

• Know the basics of cell biology and physiology to understand the phenomena and interactions that occur between living/materials and living/electromagnetic waves;
• Understand, from this knowledge, diagnostic and/or treatment technologies implementing ceramic biomaterials, biomedical imaging or electromagnetic waves.

Indicative contents :

Part I: Cell biology and physiology

• Molecular basics: from DNA to proteins
• Cell basics: cell structure (plasma membrane components and functions), organelles, compartmentalization
• Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication: how signaling pathways control cell behavior at the interface with biomaterials from environmental stimuli?
• Cellular biomechanics and cytoskeleton

Part II: Biomaterials

• Effect of chemical elements (dissolution products) on bone cells and the associated molecular mechanisms
• Influence of the modification of parameters featuring biomaterial surface properties on cellular behavior
• Interaction proteins/material surface

Part III: Bioimaging

• From epifluorescence to confocal laser scanning microscopy
• Multiphoton and vibrational microscopy
• Label and label-free imaging of biological cells/tissues

Part IV: Bioelectromagnetism

• General view of bioelectromagnetism
• Health risk assessment, dosimetry, specific absorption rate
• Pulse electric field, dielectrophoresis, microfluidic

Methods of Assessment :

Written test, oral test

Suggested bibliography :

• Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine,” Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02138-9)
• “Biomaterials Science – An Introduction to Materials in Medicine,” Academic Press, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02323-6)
• “Bioimaging – Imaging by Light and Electromagnetics in Medicine and Biology,” CRC Press, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260971)

Credits: 3

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30h)

Pre-requisites:

• Electromagnetic theory and basic microwave components
• Measurement microwave technics

Objectives:

To provide students with an understanding of passive components for spatial and IoT telecommunications.

Learning outcomes:

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Understand the electromagnetic and electric theory basis for microwave component design.
• Know the methodologies for the advanced synthesis of microwave passive components and the potential of tunability of these components.
• Design tunable components (MEMS switch, Phase Change Material, varactors …)  for active and passive planar circuits.

Indicative contents:

Propagation :

• Industrial and R&D context for passive microwave circuits,
• Propagation in cylindrical metallic waveguide,
• EM analysis and modelling of heterogeneous microwave resonators,
• Theory of coupling between microwave resonators.
• Microwave filter synthesis,
• EM CAD for microwave sub-systems (components, packaging),
• Current research activities on passive microwave components including their integration.

Integrated Passives for RFICs and MMWICs :

• Industrial and R&D context for RFICs, Low Power RF electronics,
• Parameters and characteristics for passive circuits and matching networks on CMOS RFICs,
• Integrated L-C networks,
• Design of layout-efficient matching networks in Silicon ICs,
• Coupling EM simulations to circuit simulations,
• Tunable capacitors for adaptative front ends components,
• Emerging IC integrated technologies: RF MEMS, PCM switches,
• Application example

Methods of assessment:

Written test

Suggested bibliography:

• D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2012.
• Peter Rizzi,  Microwave Engineering: Passive Circuits, PHI Learning, 1987.
• R. J. Cameron, C. M. Kudsia, R.R. Mansour, Microwave Filters for Communications Systems, Fundamentals, Design and Applications, Wiley, 2018.

Credits: 3
Language: 

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Practicals (15h) 

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Practicals (15h) 

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (15h)

Practical works (15h)

Pre-requisites:

Fiber optics principle. Lightwave propagation in optical waveguides. Optical and RF. Signal modulation. S-matrix of RF components. Signal processing. Signal distortion.

Objectives:

• To learn theory and technologies of optical modulation and modulators
• To learn principles, functions, performances and applications of microwave photonics systems
• To use microwave photonics devices and systems for the transmission of complex modulated signals by mixed optical fiber and RF systems.

Learning outcome:

Upon completion of the course, the student will know the optical and RF functions that can be completed by microwave photonics systems. He/she will understand the way to modulate a light wave by high frequency complex signals. He/she will know how to evaluate performances of microwave photonics systems including noise, and will be able to experimentally use and characterize microwave photonics components and systems.

Effective communication of technical information is crucial. Students will practice writing technical report, creating presentation, and delivering oral presentation to convey their findings and insights clearly and professionally.

Indicative contents:

Lectures (15h)

Microwave photonics: from modulation to RF signal processing, with Prof. Philippe Di Bin (12h)

Introduction to simulation of microwave photonics links, with Prof. Guillaume Neveux (3h)

Practical works, with Prof. Philippe Di Bin and Prof. Guillaume Neveux (15h)

A) Intensity modulations with LiNbO3 modulators (3h)

We characterize and use LiNbO3 Intensity modulators for analog and digital modulation. The effects of biasing, RF input power and input optical on output signal properties are investigated.

B) Complex modulations with LiNbO3 modulators (3h)

We use an I-Q LiNbO3 modulator in order to produce lightwave modulation in the complex domain. Analog modulations are implemented such as Single Side Band (SSB) modulation, Carrier Suppressed- Dual Side Band Modulation (CS-DSB) and optical frequency shifting Modulation (SM). Digital complex modulation such as QPSK and N-QAM optical modulations are implemented.

C) Relative intensity noise and phase noise of lasers (3h)

We propose to use two setups during the practical work to measure laser noise. The first one is for the measurement of the Relative Intensity Noise (RIN), corresponding to the time domain optical power fluctuations of lasers. The second one is a self-homodyne laser spectrum width measurement setup. It is based on a highly unbalanced (in terms of propagation time) Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometer and gives spectral properties and stability of the CW laser under test.

D) RF free space transmission of optically carried microwave signals – Numerical simulation (3h)

This practical work is the numerical simulation part of a microwave photonics links. The power budget of the link is studied from the properties of optical, optoelectronic and RF components.

E) RF free space transmission of optically carried microwave signals – Experimental setup (3h)

This practical work is the experimental part of the microwave photonics links previously studied by numerical simulation. The students implement the setup and characterize it with optical and RF instruments.

Methods of assessment:

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20 minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions). Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33. Each group of two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

List of topics:

• Technology of LiNbO3 modulators
• Semiconductor optical modulators
• LiNbO3 modulator Vp measurement methods
• Non-linearity response of LiNbO3 modulators and linearization methods
• Demodulation of IQ modulated optical signals
• Optical beamforming for RF antenna
• Microwave photonics filters
• Microwave photonics frequency mixing
• Time-reversal and time-stretching of microwave photonics signals
• Optical sampling of RF signals

Suggested bibliography:

• Microwave Photonics, from components to applications and systems, Anne Vilcot, Béatrice Cabon and Jean Chazelas, Klumer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-7362-3
• D. Marpaung, J. Yao, and J. Capmany, “Integrated microwave photonics,” Nature Photon 13, 80–90 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0310-5
• J. Capmany and D. Novak, “Microwave photonics combines two worlds,” Nat. Photon. 1, 319–330 (2007).
• J. S. Fandiño, P. Muñoz, D. Doménech, and J. A Capmany, “Monolithic integrated photonic microwave filter,” Nat. Photon. 11, 124–129 (2016).
• A. J. Seeds and K.J. Williams, “Microwave photonics,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, 4628–4641 (2006).
• J. Yao, “Microwave photonics,” Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, 314–335 (2009).

Credits: 3
Language: 

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Practical Work (15h)

Pre-requisites :

• S-parameters, passive and active microwave devices and circuits.
• Basics of circuit CAD for microwave and millimeter wave circuits (CAD tools: ADS)

Objectives :

• Provide the essential skills required to efficiently design and measure MMIC circuits,
• Acquire the specific techniques of on-wafer measurement and MMIC design, which are widely sought after in public and industrial research and development,

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to :

• Master the circuit modeling techniques of MMIC components,
• Develop its own designs of passive and active MMIC circuits,
• Setup and use the on-wafer characterization of microwave devices and circuits,
• Develop the specific CAD methods of MMIC circuits using design kits
• Knowledge of reverse engineering
• Design method in the context of SWaP-C

Indicative contents :

• Basics of MMIC technology from wafer definition and process to device fabrication
• Electrical modeling of the main MMIC components (MIM capacitors, spiral and sectangular inductors, active and metallic resistors, microstrip lines…)
• Dedicated CAD methods applied to step by step MMIC design examples of circuit through tutorials and practicals (CAD tools: ADS)
• Tutorials on mixed technologies (Electro-Absorption Modulator for high rate optical communications) * Tutorials on reverse engineering
• On-wafer measurement techniques (On-wafer probing station)
• Microwave characterization method of material characteristics

Methods of Assessment :

Defense (25mn) in front of an academic jury (20mn of questions) about a prepared studied topic

Suggested bibliography :

Steve Marsh – Practical MMIC Design – Artech House – ISBN: 978-1-59693-036-0

Credits: 3
Language: 

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

Lectures (30 h)

Pre-requisites:

Fundamentals of propagation in free-space optics and waveguides. Fundamentals of nonlinear optics. A taste for the application of photonic technologies to biology and medicine.

Objectives:

• To learn the fundamental concepts of optical imaging.
• To learn the main linear and nonlinear techniques for sample analyzis, imaging and sensing at different scales, by measuring both the intensity and the phase of light.
• To study how approaches based on optical spectroscopy can provide additional information from the sample.

Learning outcome:

Upon completion of the course, the student will have a good understanding of the various photonics-based imaging and spectroscopy techniques and devices.

Indicative contents:

Lectures

Fundamentals of optical imaging, with Prof. Julien Brévier (4.5 h)

We provide a comprehensive introduction to photonic imaging, covering a wide range of wavelengths and object types. It addresses fundamental concepts of detection, contrast modality, quantification of objects, as well as the complete imaging chain. We emphasize transversality of these concepts with extension to image analysis and data management.

Quantitative phase microscopy, with Dr. Pierre Bon (4.5 h)

At the micro- and nano-scales, most of the organic samples become transparent to visible/near infrared light. It means that the contrast of optical microscopy is very poor, especially on biological samples. We describe cutting edge technologies that merge interferences with imaging to measure the phase of the light, increasing the visibility of the living matter -from single viruses to biological tissues- while extracting key parameters such as the mass at the micro/nanoscale.

High-resolution imaging for astronomy, with Prof. Ludovic Grossard (4.5 h)

Very high-resolution imaging by aperture synthesis involves operating multiple telescopes as a network. By analyzing the mutual coherence of the collected optical fields, it is possible to retrieve information about the spatial frequency spectrum of the observed object. This approach achieves angular resolution far superior to that of each individual telescope, as it depends not on the diameter of a single telescope but on the distance between the telescopes in the array. Using fiber links between telescopes allows for kilometer-scale separations, granting access to details that are currently unattainable. Finally, nonlinear optical techniques such as sum-frequency generation can extend the accessible spectral bands into the thermal infrared.

Optical spectroscopy methods for biosensing applications, with Dr. Georges Humbert (3 h)

Light offers numerous opportunities for analyzing and sensing materials with minimal preparation and deterioration. We describe the main methods, such as Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies, advanced versions relying on nanostructured materials (ex. surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) and specialty optical fibers, and their application to biosensing.

Supercontinuum-based FTIR spectro-microscopy, with Prof. Sébastien Février (4.5 h)

Hyperspectral imaging identifies an object by analyzing the spectrum produced when it interacts with broadband light. We describe diffraction-limited spectro-microscopy based on Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled with infrared microscope and supercontinuum laser source, and its application to histopathology for fast, accurate and minimally invasive medical diagnostic.

THz imaging and spectroscopy, with Dr. Georges Humbert (1.5 h)

THz waves (from 300 GHz to 10 THz) interact with polar molecules while non-metallic materials weakly absorb them, offering novel opportunities in material imaging and analysis. We describe the current THz imaging and spectroscopy methods, and their applications in non-destructive industrial inspection and analysis.

Nonlinear optical microscopy/microspectroscopy, with Prof. Philippe Leproux (4.5 h)

We first describe the main concepts of nonlinear optical microscopy, based on second and third order optical processes such as two/three photon fluorescence (2PF/3PF) and second/third harmonic generation (SHG/THG). Then we introduce advanced imaging concepts exploiting Raman scattering, namely coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Finally, we outline the use of supercontinuum-based CARS microspectroscopy for label-free 2D/3D bioimaging, with the associated challenges in terms of instrumentation and data processing/analysis.

Conferences on cutting-edge concepts in imaging and spectroscopy by recognized experts (3 h)

Topics among super-resolution microscopy, light sheet microscopy, photothermal spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nonlinear endomicroscopy, multimodal imaging.

Method of assessment:

Term Paper: 1 report and 1 defense on a particular topic. Defense in front of an academic jury (20

minutes presentation + 20 minutes questions). Weights: defense 0.67, report 0.33. Each group of

two students chooses a topic in the list below or proposes their own topic.

List of topics:

• Fundamentals of microscopy
• Multiphoton microscopy
• Coherent Raman imaging
• Infrared spectro-microscopy
• THz imaging
• Optical imaging in astronomy
• Applications of optical spectroscopy

Suggested bibliography:

Fundamentals of optics and photonics

• Eugene Hecht, Optics, fifth edition, Pearson (2016), ISBN 1292096934, 9781292096933, 728 pages
• Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Wiley (1991), Print ISBN 9780471839651, Online ISBN 9780471213741, 992 pages

Photonics-based imaging

• Jerome Mertz, Introduction to Optical Microscopy, second edition, Cambridge University Press (2019), ISBN 9781108428309, 462 pages

Coherent Raman imaging

• Ji-Xin Cheng, Xiaoliang Sunney Xie, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy, CRC Press (2018), ISBN 9781138199521, 610 pages

Credits: 3
Language:

English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Practicals (15h)

Pre-requisites :

• Fundamentals of Electromagnetics
• Signal Processing Basics
• RF (Radio Frequency) Electronics
• Engineering Mathematics (Fourier Analysis, Convolution, etc.)

Objectives :

By the end of this module, students will be able to:

• Understand the fundamental operating principles of radar systems
• Explore the physical principles governing radar systems.
• Identify various radar architectures and their applications
• Analyse radar signals and the associated physical constraints
• Design and simulate a basic radar system
• Evaluate the performance of a radar system (range, resolution, etc.)
• Understand the fundamentals of radar signal processing.

Learning outcomes :

Upon successful completion of this module, students will be able to:

• Explain the physical principles of radar operation and derive the radar equation.
• Differentiate between major radar types (pulsed, CW, FMCW, …).
• Analyse radar signals using appropriate signal processing techniques.
• Design and simulate a basic radar system using MATLAB or SystemVue.
• Evaluate the performance of a radar system, including range, resolution, and susceptibility to noise and clutter.
• Communicate radar concepts effectively through technical reports or presentations.

Indicative contents :

1. General introduction and physical principles

• Radar technology and Application domains
• Radar equation: detection, range, propagation loss, resolution, SNR…

2. Radar Types

• Pulsed radar
• Continuous Wave (CW) and Frequency-Modulated CW (FMCW) radar
• Noise radar

3. Radar Signal Processing

• Matched filtering
• Pulse compression
• Correlation, detection, estimation
• FFT and Doppler spectra

4. Tutorials and Labs

• Study of simulated radar signals (MATLAB, SystemVue)
• FMCW radar simulation
• Practical works on ultra wide band antenna measurement, radar imaging, FMCW Radar Architecture, Doppler analysis, …

Methods of Assessment :

Lab report

Suggested bibliography :

• M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems
• Nadav Levanon, Radar Principles

Credits: 3
Language: 

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of Delivery :

Lectures (15h)

Tutorials (15h)

Pre-requisites :

• Microwave systems, S parameters, active and passive microwave devices,
• Analog and digital modulations, link budget,
• Signal processing for digital communication.

Objectives :

• Provide basic understanding on RF architectures from a functional transmission chain built through several practical works.
• Acquire an overview of engineering CAD tools dedicated to system level simulation, and RF front-end components design.
• Learn the basics of designing and characterizing the components of a transmission chain.
• Acquire general notions on signal measurement techniques and performance metrics.

Learning outcomes :

On successful completion of this module a student will be able to:

• Understand the dimensioning rules of an RF (radio frequency) transmission chain.
• Understand how to analyze the performance of a RF link
• Setup the instrumentation to characterize linear and nonlinear high frequency devices, and signal quality

Indicative contents :

Part I: system level RF chain analysis

• Digital Modulation /Demodulation
• General Front end architecture
• Propagation channel & Link budget
• Signal to noise ratio estimation

Part II: Analog device design

• Power Amplifier and LNA design
• Patch antennas and feeding networks design
• Microstrip filters synthesis

Practical Works :

• System level CAD training : Matlab / SystemVue
• Component design CAD training (ADS, CST MS, HFSS)
• Experimental practical works on :

– Waveform generation and signal analysis

– Antenna measurements in semi-anechoic room o Filter measurements

– Amplifier measurements

Methods of delivery & learning Hours :

• Part I: Lecture (2h) Tutorial (3h) Practical work (3h)
• Part II: Tutorial (9h) Practical work (6h)

Methods of Assessments :

Report on lecture & tutorials & Practical works 

Credits: 24

Language:

French/English

Course mode:

On-site

Methods of delivery:

6 months internship

Pre-requisites:

None

Objectives:

6 months training period in a company or in a research laboratory

Methods of assessment:

Report, oral, evaluation sheet